A Perspective on Radio-Frequency Exposure Associated With

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is “comprised of state-of-the-art electronic/digital hardware and software, which combine interval data measurement with continuously available remote communications. These systems enable measurement of detailed, time-based information and frequent collection and transmittal of such information to various parties. AMI...typically refers to the full measurement and collection system that includes meters at the customer site, communication networks between the customer and a service provider, such as an electric, gas, or water utility, and data reception and management systems that make the information available to the service provider.” [EPRI Fact Sheet (1014793, 2007)] The National Energy Technology Laboratory’s February 2007 report, “Integrated Communications,” expresses the indispensable nature of AMI: “Due to its dependency on data acquisition, protection, and control, the modern grid cannot exist without an effective integrated communications infrastructure. Establishing these communications must be of highest priority since it is the first step in building the modern grid.” The collection of such information from end users would occur through Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) for transmission to service providers over Wide Area Networks (WANs). NANs consist of low-power transmitters and local receivers or data collectors (e.g., mounted on poletops), which relay the information via WANs to a remote repository where the data can be managed and analyzed. WANs commonly use the same kind of technology as the so-called Aircards® that individuals use for wireless Internet connectivity from their laptop computers. AMI is also envisioned as including a Home Area Network (HAN), whereby various devices throughout a household – these may include lighting, thermostats, and other electrical appliances, etc. – would be in wireless contact with a central coordination and data collection node within the residence. The HAN would enable such a household to receive data describing its electrical usage behavior, and enable optimal energy usage efficiency. General schematics of AMI with the HAN component are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Schematics of Automatic Metering Infrastructure (Top) and a House Area Network (Bottom)